Security analysis of the estonian internet voting system j. The electoral system in estonia is not especially complicated, and similar. Security analysis of the estonian evoting system youtube. In this months estonian parliamentary elections, a whopping 44 percent of. Schryen and rich 2009 describe a case of e voting in estonia. Fairfax county has developed a streamlined procedure to establish temporary medical structures adjacent to existing medical facilities to increase medical service capacity for the community, in response to the covid19 pandemic. The law also makes no gender distinction in running a business or owning property. Section 2 lists the security bene ts of homomorphic tallying compared to the current ivoting scheme used in estonia, section 3 describes.
The cost of each online vote is just half that of a paper vote, even factoring in the initial capital investment in the system. Several papers have examined the use of new voting techniques, for instance postal voting and electronic voting, to enable voting and potentially affect voter participation. A cfc is defined as any nonresident enterprise in which the resident company alone or together with its related parties holds more than 50% of the voting rights or capital, or is entitled to receive more than 50% of the profits. This paper points to the weaknesses and questionable design choices of the new scheme. The advance voting was held 511 october, during which 27. It may someday be possible to build a secure method for submitting ballots over the internet, but in the meantime, such systems. One member of isamaa is also a member of the committee. Estonia has acquired the reputation of a successful e voting country, and perhaps justifiably so. Pilot projects in the area of remote internet voting have been carried out in several countries. The system has been designed to ensure that voters computers are not. The 12 electoral districts in estonia are subdivided into voting. Independent report on evoting in estonia a security analysis of.
It was the first country in the world to enable remote online voting in nationwide elections in. Service sectors experienced a rapid development in the early 1990s as many of them did not even exist in the soviet economic system. How estonias evoting system could be the future forbes. New book marks 10years of internet voting in estonia ivoting internet voting in estonia turned 10yearsold last year, and currently only estonia has nationwide, legally binding internet voting for its citizens. However a number of security challenges were identified to achieve transparent and verifiable execution of these systems such as those highlighted in 31. The specific aims and promises of the government coalitions have been agreed in the coalition agreement. Just what youd expect from one of the worlds most connected nations, right. Jan 24, 2014 since becoming the first country in the world to allow online voting nationwide in 2005, estonia has used the system for both parliamentary and european parliament elections. To vote in estonia, one simply visits the national election website and downloads and installs the voting application. Homomorphic tallying for the estonian internet voting system. Estonia publishes its evoting source code on github ars. More than 71% of the estonian gdp is derived from the service sectors, industrial sectors yield 25% and primary branches including agriculture approximately 4% of the overall output.
The electronic voting system withstood the test of reality and was declared a success by estonian election officials. Security analysis of the estonian internet voting system. The estonian internet voting system builds on the estonian id card. Such controls are particularly crucial in the estonian ivoting system and its processes. So the estonian government doesnt think that the security researchers told them anything they didnt already know. In addition, amendments were introduced to the population register act in 2017 and 2018which impacted.
Report on the estonian internet voting system verified. For additional materials and contact information, visit. Nasdaq says estonia evoting pilot successful cyberscoop. Members of the conservative peoples party of estonia ekre formed a riigikogu support group on tuesday which has the aim of make e voting transparent. General provisions type of government envisioned article 1. Europe estonia the world factbook central intelligence. On 15 april, estonias parliament voted against the reform partys coalition attempt, with 45 mps voting in favor, 53 voting against, 2 abstentions, and 1 absent. Elina nechayeva estonia lisbon 2018 eurovision song contest.
The idea of having electronic voting in estonia gained popularity in 2001 with the eminded. This makes the security of estonias system of interest to technologists and voters the world over. Yet, there are countries that used internet based voting despite the potential dangers of hackers. Section 2 presents an overview of the ivoting system, including where key procedures feature and the properties that they seek to guarantee. In the parliamentary run off mr meri was elected president by a broad reform coalition. The card has a builtin electronic authentication system that allows secure voting online from any computer, and each citizen is allowed to submit and change their vote until election day. The idea of having electronic voting in estonia gained popularity in 2001 with the eminded coalition government. Feb 08, 2018 why estonia succeeds at public innovation the baltic nation aims to use its electronic residency program to attract 10 times its population by 2025. Now estonia teaches the world a lesson in electronic. It provides the user voter interface, downloads the javabased secure voting client that encrypts the ballots and sends them to the vote collector server. The exception to this is where the substantive member resolution concerns an amendment to the bylaws, for which article xv a shall apply requiring a twothirds majority. According to professor robert krimmer, one of the explanations for the broad public acceptance of digital voting can be found in the history books. Egoverment estonia framework arvo ott linkedin slideshare.
Csb organizational structure services areas within the fairfaxfalls church community services board are organized according to type of service emergency and crisis services, residential treatment, employment and day services, and case management, etc. Csb organizational structure community services board. In 2005, estonia became the first country in the world to hold nationwide. Recently, mus, kiraz, cenk and sertkaya proposed an improvement over the present estonian internet voting vote verification scheme. The estonian constitution granted women voting rights in 1918. The current president is kersti kaljulaid, elected by parliament on 3 october 2016, becoming the first woman and youngest person ever who holds the position. Important information annual general meeting of abb ltd on march 26, 2020. An independent assessment of the procedural components. Estonian municipal elections, 2017 were held in estonia on 15 october 2017.
This presentation by the estonian national election committee explains how electronic voting works in that country slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The new ecitizen project6 implemented by 2004 focuses on developing cooperation between estonian citizens and the public sector through the internet. Security analysis of indias electronic voting machines. Halderman, a professor at the university of michigan, is a longtime skeptic of online voting. According to the estonian election commission it is not only young voters who tend to evote, 28 percent of the evoters in the 2014 european parliamentary election were over 55 years old. Back in 2005, estonia became the first nation to hold a legally binding general election over the internet something that has now become a norm, while most countries are still only contemplating the possibility.
Evoting is available during the advanced voting period via a. We work together for estonia that respects each persons human rights. Log analysis of estonian internet voting 20 2015 sven heiberg 1 arnis parsovs 23 jan willemson 24 1 smartmaticcybernetica centre of excellence for internet voting 2 software echnologyt and applications competence centre 3 university of artu,t institute of computer science 4 cybernetica november 5, 2015 1. What operational security measures are employed in the estonian ivoting system, and how resilient is this part of the system to attacks. During the advance voting, more people voted digitally than in any previous elections. Estonia is the only country in the world that relies on internet voting in a significant way for legallybinding national elections up to 25% of voters cast their ballots online. Estonia became the first nation to hold legally binding general elections over the internet with their pilot project for the municipal elections in 2005. Summary of the findings of the security analysis of the estonian evoting system used for the october 20 local elections. Elina nechayeva was born in 1991 and graduated from the estonian academy of music and theatre in 2016 where she studied classical singing. Background our observations and analysis focus on the estonian ivoting system as it was used for the 20 municipal elections kov20 20. Mission mystique and the hiding hand, in the book great policy successes, coedited by mallory compton and.
Free elections, which means that voters have the right to vote without pressure, according to their will. For example, norwegian internet voting experiment used mobile phone short messages sms as the second channel, whereas the estonian system uses a mobile device to download and verify the vote 8. Pdf log analysis of estonian internet voting 202014. In these elections, internet voting was available for seven days, from october 1016, and the main inperson polling took place on election day, october 20. Back in 2010, he tested a district of columbia pilot project aimed at allowing overseas and military voters to download and return absentee ballots over the internet. Download the err news app for android and ios now and never miss an update. Electronic voting was first used in estonia during the municipal council elections of 2005. Once the voting application is downloaded, the software automatically. Spending the whole day in a sauna with family and friends is not unusual for the estonians and runs counter to their image as silent introverts.
The goal of this procedure aims to facilitate the quick and safe setup. Substantive resolutions require approval by a simple majority of those voting in person or by proxy at the annual meeting of voting members at which a quorum is present. Evaluation and improvement of internet voting schemes based. Estonia is the only country in the world that relies on internet voting in a. An amendment to the wages act guarantees equal pay for equal work and gives women the right to file a compensation claim in case of discrimination, but women still earn about 75 percent less than. In the parliament riigikogu, 101 members are elected through an openlist proportional representation system to serve 4year terms. Security analysis of the estonian internet voting system drew springall travis finkenauer zakir durumeric jason kitcat harri hursti margaret macalpine j. The research question that this thesis aims to answer is does internet voting in estonia affect voter turnout. Such controls are particularly crucial in the estonian i voting system and its processes. Internet voting is perhaps the best example to illustrate the difference. Pdf verifiable internet voting in estonia researchgate.
With that infrastructure in place, the estonian government began testing internetbased voting in local elections in 2005. Digital voting with the use of blockchain technology. Political stability and the electoral system have contributed to the. Estonian human rights centre is an independent nongovernmental human rights organisation. The more you master it the more you get closer to mastering the estonian language. Using digital identification, voters can use their personal computers when connected to the internet and equipped with a smart card reader, to cast an electronic vote alvarez et al. When voting online, citizens download a voting application to their computer and upon the request from the system have to first identify themselves using the idcard and the first pincode so that the voting system knows who is behind the. Estonian parliament approved a measure thursday that will allow citizens to vote by mobile phone in the techfriendly nations next election. A prerequisite for casting an electronic vote is a credit card sized electronic idcard, 2 which are compulsory for all estonian residents. Elina nechayeva estonia lisbon 2018 eurovision song. They believe that their existing security should be. Ekre forms evoting transparency support group in riigikogu.
Since then the share of people voting electronically has continuously risen. Section 2 presents an overview of the i voting system, including where key procedures feature and the properties that they seek to guarantee. Estonias constitution of 1992 with amendments through 2003. Instructions for estonian internet voting system vms please note that these vms are not perfect replicas of the true estonian system. Temporary medical structures in response to covid19. Thanks also to those estonians who provided me with technical information about the system, especially paavo pihelgas, priit kutser, helger lipmaa, and sven heiberg. Estonian voting verification mechanism revisited again. Right to free elections estonian human rights centre. Learning the estonian numbers is very important because its structure is used in every day conversation. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. Government of the republic of estonia government of the.
Indian voting machines use a vastly di erent design than most other dre voting systems studied in the literature, and we describe it in greater detail than was previously available to the. Completely unrelated to the electronic voting systems used elsewhere, which involve costly and problematic machinery, the estonian solution is simple, elegant and secure. Next, in section 3, we present the methodology that we adopt. Sep 02, 2019 eestonia, the information society since 1997 written by linnea larsson europe technology great policy successes this case study corresponds to a chapter by rainer kattel and ines mergel, entitled estonias digital transformation. Its government presents this digitization as a costsaving efficiency and an equalizing force. Office for democratic institutions and human rights. Stephan rouven neumann geboren in neunkirchen saar referenten. One may have some concerns to expose a voting system to the internet, because such systems are likely to become a valuable target for hackers. The company also produces smart cities solutions buzzword including public safety and public transportation, identity management systems for civil registration and.
The web interfaces identify users based on their estonian digital id either via estonian id card or eresidency card. This makes the security of estonias system of interest to technologists and voters the. Internet voting, or i voting, is a system that allows voters to cast their ballots from any internetconnected computer anywhere in the world. Voting structure each country had a jury who awarded 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 points for their top ten songs. Oct 10, 2015 egovernance academy ega is a non profit nongovernmental organisation for the creation and transfer of egovernance knowledge founded by open society institute, undp and estonian government in 2002 activities with more than 50 countries over 2000 participants in training. Additionally, small modi cations have been made to make them easy to use. As a child, she dreamed of becoming an astronaut, flying between the stars and planets. E voting in estonia has always meant public remote internet voting. In addition, amendments were introduced to the population register act in 2017 and 2018which impacted, aspects of voter registration.
With advances in technology, this was the first contest in which the spokesperson for each national jury appeared onscreen, live from their own countries. Last year the university of tartu and the estonian national electoral committee published a fascinating 244page report in english that looks back on estonias decade of electronic voting and. An assessment of the security and transparency procedural. A foreign pe of an estonian company is also considered to be a cfc. How transparent are key procedures in the estonian i. A number of initiatives have been adopted by different governments across the world to implement such e voting model such as estonian ivote system and norwegian i voting. However, legally binding internetcast voting is valid in few countries, estonia being the first country to introduce it at national level. Partially crowdfunded, it promises to deliver cuttingedge technology at an historic moment in time. Two years later, it was expanded to include national elections. The publication egovernance in practice gives overview on creating and managing digital society, covering all main domains such as cyber security, interoperability, infrastructure, enablers. The annual general meeting took place on thursday, march 26, 2020 under extraordinary conditions, and in line with the covid19 ordinance 2 of the swiss federal council shareholders were not allowed to attend in person.
If she is eligible, she gets a list with the candidates and can pick one. Electronic voting is managed by the state electoral office, which establishes the technical requirements and organisation of electronic voting. Investigating performance constraints for blockchain based. Estonias online voting system is not secure, researchers. Voting is secret, and there are 14 different ways of voting, including electronic voting evoting. Independent report on evoting in estonia a security. But first we need to know what the role of numbers is. Download or stream this song via your favourite platform. Internet voting, or ivoting, is a system that allows voters to cast their ballots from any. The estonian sauna is derived more from the early days of an agrarian economy and uses stones heated over wood fires combining smoke and steam as a restorative for mind and body. Estonia has a unicameral parliament riigikogu with 101 seats. Some portions of the source code are not available and have been simulated. Named the most advanced digital society in the world by wired, ingenious estonians are pathfinders, who have built an efficient, secure and transparent ecosystem that saves time and money.
The estonian evoting process is based on the countrys identity card, which is mandatory and issued when a citizen is 15 years old. Eesti vabariigi president is the head of state of the republic of estonia. In 2005, estonia became the first country in the world to hold nationwide elections using this method, and in 2007, it made headlines as the first country to use ivoting in parliamentary elections. Does internet voting in estonia affect voter turnout. Alex halderman university of michigan, ann arbor, mi, u. Lessons from the worlds most techsavvy government the. The estonian government is actively improving the evoting system and resolving security concerns. Nov 29, 2017 the estonian government is launching an innovative defense project based on a publicprivate partnership, in close collaboration with other european states. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a countrys population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. Log analysis of estonian internet voting 202014 sven heiberg1 and arnis parsovs23 and jan willemson4 1 smartmaticcybernetica centre of excellence for internet voting, ulikooli 2, tartu, estonia 2 software technology and applications competence centre, ulikooli 2, tartu, estonia 3 tartu university, institute of computer science, j. Online voting has become a norm in estonia and it is now more secure than ever. Estonia has acquired the reputation of a successful evoting country, and perhaps justifiably so. Instructions for estonian internet voting system vms.
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